M Vahidinia; M Vahdati Rad; A Sadeghi
Abstract
Planktonic foraminifera of the Khangiran Formation that represents the last marine deposits in the Kopeh-Dagh basin and exposed in the Chehel-Kaman synclinal entrance (west of Sarakhs) studied in this article. A sum of 32 species belonging to 11 genera of planktonic foraminifera were recorded allowing ...
Read More
Planktonic foraminifera of the Khangiran Formation that represents the last marine deposits in the Kopeh-Dagh basin and exposed in the Chehel-Kaman synclinal entrance (west of Sarakhs) studied in this article. A sum of 32 species belonging to 11 genera of planktonic foraminifera were recorded allowing erection of seven biozones from E4 ـ E11.indicating an age ofYpresian-Lutetian for this Formation. Based on the statistical analysis of planktonic foraminifera of the Khangiran Formation, the low and common abundances of Subbotina genus and its rare of appearance and disappearance in the upper samples of the formation and the low abundance of Catapsydrax and Parasubbotina genera and the high abundance of Acarinina genus throughout this formation indicate a warm water and intermediate trophic conditions for the depositional course of this formation in this basin.
M Raziani; M Vahidinia; A Sadeghi
Abstract
This study on the planktonic foraminifera of the Surgah Formation was carried out .three biozones are proposed for the Late Turonian – Early Santonian interval in Surgah anticline (Southwest Ilam).Based on planktonic/benthonic foraminiferal ratios and “van der zwaan” equation, a general ...
Read More
This study on the planktonic foraminifera of the Surgah Formation was carried out .three biozones are proposed for the Late Turonian – Early Santonian interval in Surgah anticline (Southwest Ilam).Based on planktonic/benthonic foraminiferal ratios and “van der zwaan” equation, a general deepening of depositional environment is indicated from Late Turonian – Early Santonian ages.During the early late Turonian, A (deeper) upper bathyal environment of about 1000 m water depth is indicated (96-98 % planktonic foraminifera, with a relatively large number of keeled and non – keeled specimens).The middle late to latest Turonian interval is characterized by 70 – 90 % planktonic foraminifera with keeled specimens dominating and rarely none – keeled and very rarely heterohelix, pointing to an upper bathyal depositional environment ( 500 m water depth), eutrophication to oligotrophication conditions. During early Coniacian , water depth falling slowly and characterized by 65 – 80 planktonic foraminifera with keeled forms dominating, oligotrophication conditions.Then in late Coniacian water depth rising (1000 m water depth), none – keeling dominating that pointing to eutrophication conditions. A (shallow) upper bathyal environment (400 m water depth), dominated by keeling foraminifera, oligotrophication condition, during the early santonian, is indicated by 45-60 % planktonic foraminifera but there are a short time of raising water depth before upper surgah that is indicated by 90% planktonic foraminifera, with dominated by none-keeling foraminifera specimens, eutrophication condition. In general, an open marine deep water environment (upper bathyal) is indicated by the Late Turonian to early Santonian planktonic foraminiferal faunas, influenced by periods of eutrophication to oligotrophication repeatedly.
J Rabbani; E Ghasemi-Nejad; A.R Ashouri; M Vahidinia
Abstract
The basal unit of the Pabdeh Formation at Bisheh-Deraz section composes of 47m purple to green to grey shale and marl. These beds gradually change to shale and argillaceous limestone in the top of the section. In order to study paleoecology and paleoenvironment of these beds, palynological evidences ...
Read More
The basal unit of the Pabdeh Formation at Bisheh-Deraz section composes of 47m purple to green to grey shale and marl. These beds gradually change to shale and argillaceous limestone in the top of the section. In order to study paleoecology and paleoenvironment of these beds, palynological evidences including palynofacies, abundance and diversity of dinocysts and environmental index have been investigated. Four Palynofacies types including IV: shelf to basin transition, VII-VIII: distal dysoxic-anoxic shelf, IX: distal suboxic-anoxic basin) have been differentiated that propose a distal suboxic-anoxic basin as depositional setting. According to the microfacies of planktonic foraminiferal Wakestone/Packestone a deep environment is proposed as the depositional basin. Using such parameters as palynofacies evidences, C/PPC ratio, AOM/MP ratio, abundance and diversity of dinocysts and environmental index, three system tracts related to one sequence (3rdorder) with one sequence boundary type 2 and one maximum flooding surface have been determined. In general, the factors all together show a deepening upward trend through this rock unit.